diff --git a/lib/active_agent/providers/concerns/exception_handler.rb b/lib/active_agent/providers/concerns/exception_handler.rb
index 97e4cf54..9abb1d08 100644
--- a/lib/active_agent/providers/concerns/exception_handler.rb
+++ b/lib/active_agent/providers/concerns/exception_handler.rb
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ def with_exception_handling(&block)
         yield
       rescue => exception
         rescue_with_handler(exception) || raise
+        nil # Discard handler return value to prevent polluting raw_response
       end
 
       # Bubbles up exceptions to the Agent's rescue_from if a handler is defined.