fix(functions): Make translate function postgres compatible

[devanshu0987]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes #.

Rationale for this change

In Postgres translate function implementation, the duplicates in the from argument are ignored, and the first occurrence wins.

A similar implementation is also present in DuckDB.
If the character already exists, the index/mapping is not updated.
https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/blob/4b7a6b7bd0f8c968bfecab08e801cdc1f0a5cdfd/extension/core_functions/scalar/string/translate.cpp#L45

Before the change in DataFusion

> SELECT translate('abcabc', 'aa', 'de');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| translate(Utf8("abcabc"),Utf8("aa"),Utf8("de")) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| ebcebc                                          |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row(s) fetched. 
Elapsed 0.001 seconds.

While DuckDB returns

D SELECT translate('abcabc', 'aa', 'de');
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│ translate('abcabc', 'aa', 'de') │
│             varchar             │
├─────────────────────────────────┤
│ dbcdbc                          │
└─────────────────────────────────┘

Postgres returns

SELECT translate('abcabc', 'aa', 'de')

Output:

 translate 
-----------
 dbcdbc
(1 row)

What changes are included in this PR?

• If there are duplicate characters present in from, the first occurrence wins.
• SLT Tests update. The earlier tests from value was foo which contained duplicates and was mapping o -> r instead of Postgress compatible o -> a

Are these changes tested?

• New Unit Tests are added, which test this behaviour.

Are there any user-facing changes?

This is a contract change in some sense. If someone has taken dependency on this behaviour, they will encounter a change. However, I am unsure and need help to properly categorize this.

[Jefffrey]

Looks like this affects some existing tests which are now failing; would you be able to double check these against DuckDB & Postgres too?

[devanshu0987]

• I ran the following script on Postgres 18.
• I copied the data that we have in SLT tests and ran the same queries that are run inside tests.
• We can notice that the result is the same as our SLT output updates.
• The logic change is that the earlier tests from value was foo which contained duplicates and was mapping o -> r instead of Postgres compatible o -> a

CREATE TABLE test_source (
  ascii_1 TEXT,
  ascii_2 TEXT,
  unicode_1 TEXT,
  unicode_2 TEXT
);
select * from test_source;
INSERT INTO test_source values ('Andrew', 'X', 'datafusion📊🔥', '🔥');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('Xiangpeng', 'Xiangpeng', 'datafusion数据融合', 'datafusion数据融合');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('Raphael', 'R', 'datafusionДатаФусион', 'аФус');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('under_score', 'un_____core', 'un iść core', 'chrząszcz na łące w 東京都');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('percent', 'p%t', 'pan Tadeusz ma iść w kąt', 'Pan Tadeusz ma frunąć stąd w kąt');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('', '%', '', '');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('', '%%', '', '');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('%', '\%', '', '');
INSERT INTO test_source values ('_', '\_', '', '');
INSERT INTO test_source values (NULL, '%', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO test_source values (NULL, 'R', NULL, '🔥');

SELECT
  TRANSLATE(ascii_1, 'foo', 'bar') as c
FROM test_source;

c          |
-----------+
Andrew     |
Xiangpeng  |
Raphael    |
under_scare| ---> under_sc[o]re changed to under_sc[a]re
percent    |
           |
           |
%          |
_          |
           |
           |

SELECT
  TRANSLATE(unicode_1, 'foo', 'bar') as c
FROM test_source;

c                       |
------------------------+
databusian📊🔥          | ---> datafusi[o]n changed to databusi[a]n and everything else remains same
databusian数据融合          |
databusianДатаФусион    |
un iść care             | ---> un_____core where c[o]re changed to c[a]re
pan Tadeusz ma iść w kąt|
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |

[devanshu0987]

• Results from DuckDB

CREATE TABLE test_source (
  ascii_1   TEXT,
  ascii_2   TEXT,
  unicode_1 TEXT,
  unicode_2 TEXT
);

INSERT INTO test_source VALUES
  ('Andrew', 'X', 'datafusion📊🔥', '🔥'),
  ('Xiangpeng', 'Xiangpeng', 'datafusion数据融合', 'datafusion数据融合'),
  ('Raphael', 'R', 'datafusionДатаФусион', 'аФус'),
  ('under_score', 'un_____core', 'un iść core', 'chrząszcz na łące w 東京都'),
  ('percent', 'p%t', 'pan Tadeusz ma iść w kąt', 'Pan Tadeusz ma frunąć stąd w kąt'),
  ('', '%', '', ''),
  ('', '%%', '', ''),
  ('%', '\%', '', ''),
  ('_', '\_', '', ''),
  (NULL, '%', NULL, NULL),
  (NULL, 'R', NULL, '🔥');

SELECT * FROM test_source;

SELECT
  TRANSLATE(ascii_1, 'foo', 'bar') AS c
FROM test_source;

c          |
-----------+
Andrew     |
Xiangpeng  |
Raphael    |
under_scare|
percent    |
           |
           |
%          |
_          |
           |
           |

SELECT
  TRANSLATE(unicode_1, 'foo', 'bar') AS c
FROM test_source;

c                       |
------------------------+
databusian📊🔥          |
databusian数据融合          |
databusianДатаФусион    |
un iść care             |
pan Tadeusz ma iść w kąt|
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |
                        |

[devanshu0987]

Looks like this affects some existing tests which are now failing; would you be able to double check these against DuckDB & Postgres too?

Hi @Jefffrey , I double checked it against DuckDB and Postgres, and the results are the same.
Can you take another look at the PR, please?
Thanks.