Have user supplied attributes take precedence over exception-derived attributes

[trask]

Related to open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification#4824 (comment)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 50.00000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.14%. Comparing base (9631f54) to head (5106802).
⚠️ Report is 287 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...elemetry/sdk/logs/ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder.java	50.00%	1 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

❌ Your patch check has failed because the patch coverage (50.00%) is below the target coverage (80.00%). You can increase the patch coverage or adjust the target coverage.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #7993      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     89.99%   90.14%   +0.14%     
- Complexity     7079     7477     +398     
============================================
  Files           803      836      +33     
  Lines         21419    22556    +1137     
  Branches       2086     2226     +140     
============================================
+ Hits          19276    20333    +1057     
- Misses         1479     1518      +39     
- Partials        664      705      +41     

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